WEEK 1

Questionnaire day 1

Crum, A. J., Salovey, P., & Achor, S. (2013). Rethinking stress: The role of mindsets in determining the stress response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 716–733. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031201

Video day 2

Crum, A. J., Salovey, P., & Achor, S. (2013). Rethinking stress: The role of mindsets in determining the stress response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 716–733. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031201

Crum, A. J., Santoro, E., Handley-Miner, I., Smith, E. N., Evans, K., Moraveji, N., Achor, S., & Salovey, P. (2023, May 18). Evaluation of the “Rethink Stress” Mindset Intervention: A Metacognitive Approach to Changing Mindsets. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0001396

Exercise day 3

Exercise observer’s perspective:
Guijt, L. (2023) Perceptie. Verrassende inzichten die je leven voor altijd kunnen veranderen. Uitgeverij VMN Media

Psychological sigh:

Video day 4

Our perception of stress can change. A positive perception of stress leads to a reduction in its negative effects. And a positive perception of stress also results in an increase in its positive effects:
Crum, A.J., Salovey, P., & Achor, S. (2011). Evaluating a mindset training program to unleash the enhancing nature of stress. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2011, No. 1, pp. 1-6). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.

Our body has a healthier physical stress response when we perceive stress positively:
Jamieson, J. P., Nock, M. K., & Mendes, W. B. (2012). Mind over matter: reappraising arousal improves cardiovascular and cognitive responses to stress. Journal of experimental psychology: General, 141(3), 417.

Video day 6

Our physical response to stress depends on our perception of stress:

McGonigal, K. (2013). How to make stress your friend. Ted Global, Edinburgh, Scotland, 6, 13.

Jamieson, J. P., Crum, A. J., Goyer, J. P., Marotta, M. E., & Akinola, M. (2018). Optimizing stress responses with reappraisal and mindset interventions: An integrated model. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 31(3), 245-261.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2018.1442615

Brownley, K. A., Hurwitz, B. E., & Schneiderman, N. (2000). Cardiovascular psychophysiology. In J. T. Cacioppo, L. G. Tassinary, & G. G. Berntson (Eds.), Handbook of psychophysiology (2nd ed., pp. 224–264). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Blascovich, J. (2013). Challenge and threat. In Andrew Elliot (Ed.), Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation (pp. 431–446). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.

Blascovich, J., & Mendes, W. B. (2010). Social psychophysiology and embodiment. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (5th ed, pp. 194–227). New York, NY: Wiley.

Jamieson, J. P., Hangen, E. J., Lee, H. Y., & Yeager, D. S. (2017). Capitalizing on appraisal processes to improve affective responses to social stress. Emotion Review, 175407391769308.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073917693085

Summary video day 7

See sources week 1

WEEK 2

Video day 2

Guijt, L. (2023) Perceptie. Verrassende inzichten die je leven voor altijd kunnen veranderen. Uitgeverij VMN Media

Aungle, P. & Langer, E. (2023). Physical healing as a function of perceived time. Sci Rep 13, 22432.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50009-3

Video day 4

RTL nieuws, 10 febr 2024. Chauffeur rijdt 6 km met brandende truck, voorkomt tunnelramp.
https://www.rtl.nl/nieuws/artikel/5434253/poolse-vrachtwagenchauffeur-voorkomt-ramp-door-6-kilometer-met-brandende

Omroep West, 18 jan 2021. Student springt in ijskoude gracht om vrouw uit auto te redden: ‘Ze sloeg in paniek tegen het raam’.
https://www.omroepwest.nl/nieuws/4799419/student-springt-in-ijskoude-gracht-om-vrouw-uit-auto-te-redden-ze-sloeg-in-paniek-tegen-het-raam

Algemeen Dagblad, 2 aug 2012. Dochter tilt BMW op en redt haar vader.
https://www.ad.nl/buitenland/dochter-tilt-bmw-op-en-redt-haar-vader~a0f669fc/?

Video day 6

When people view stress as something negative, they are unable to use their stress response to fully leverage their physical and mental abilities: 
Jamieson JP, Mendes WB, Blackstock E, Schmader T. Turning the knots in your stomach into bows: Reappraising arousal improves performance on the GRE. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2010 Jan 1;46(1):208-212. 
https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jesp.2009.08.015

Jamieson, J. P., Mendes, W. B., & Nock, M. K. (2013). Improving acute stress responses: The power of reappraisal. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(1), 51-56.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412461500

Summary video day 7

See sources week 2

WEEK 3

Tools “Peptalk”

Jamieson JP, Mendes WB, Blackstock E, Schmader T. Turning the knots in your stomach into bows: Reappraising arousal improves performance on the GRE. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2010 Jan 1;46(1):208-212. 
https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jesp.2009.08.015

Exercise day 1

Peptalk:
Jamieson JP, Mendes WB, Blackstock E, Schmader T. Turning the knots in your stomach into bows: Reappraising arousal improves performance on the GRE. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2010 Jan 1;46(1):208-212. 
https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jesp.2009.08.015

Video day 2

Exercise day 5

Crum, A. J., & Crum, T. (2015, September 3). Stress can be a good thing if you know how to use it. Harvard Business Review.
https://hbr.org/2015/09/stress-can-be-a-good-thing-if-you-know-how-to-use-it

Video day 6

Stanford Business School of Graduate
Podcast: Insights by Stanford Business.
Mindset Matters: How to Embrace the Benefits of Stress.
https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/mindset-matters-how-embrace-benefits-stress

Park, C. L., & Helgeson, V. S. (2006). Introduction to the special section: Growth following highly stressful life events–Current status and future directions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(5), 791–796.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.791

Jamieson, J. P., Crum, A. J., Goyer, J. P., Marotta, M. E., & Akinola, M. (2018). Optimizing stress responses with reappraisal and mindset interventions: an integrated model. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 31(3), 245–261.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2018.1442615

Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). TARGET ARTICLE: “Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence.” Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18.
https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01

To reduce stress, healthcare workers sometimes learn to distance themselves from the emotions their work can trigger by viewing patients as objects and approaching their problems and questions in a strictly business-like manner. The paradox is that when healthcare workers try to protect themselves from the stress their work causes in this way, their risk of burnout actually increases:

Krasner, M. S., Epstein, R. M., Beckman, H., Suchman, A. L., Chapman, B., Mooney, C. J., & Quill, T. E. (2009). Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians. Jama, 302(12), 1284-1293.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1384

Summary video week 3

See sources week 3

WEEK 4

Exercise day 1

List with values:
McGonigal, K. (2016). The upside of stress: Why stress is good for you, and how to get good at it. Penguin.

Guijt, L. (2023) Perceptie. Verrassende inzichten die je leven voor altijd kunnen veranderen. Uitgeverij VMN Media

Video day 2

In her book “The upside of stress: Why stress is good for you, and how to get good at it”, Kelly McGonigal provides the following definition of : “Stress is what arises when something you care about is at stake”. Based on this definition, in this program, the following definition is used: “Stress is what happens in your body and brain when something you care about is at stake”:

McGonigal, K. (2016). The upside of stress: Why stress is good for you, and how to get good at it. Penguin.

Exercise day 3

McGonigal, K. (2016). The upside of stress: Why stress is good for you, and how to get good at it. Penguin.

Video day 4

This is too good to be true:
Yeager, D. S., & Walton, G. M. (2011). Social-Psychological Interventions in Education: They’re Not Magic. Review of Educational Research, 81(2), 267-301.
https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311405999

Exercise day 5

Guijt, L. (2023) Perceptie. Verrassende inzichten die je leven voor altijd kunnen veranderen. Uitgeverij VMN Media

Video day 6

Guijt, L. (2023) Perceptie. Verrassende inzichten die je leven voor altijd kunnen veranderen. Uitgeverij VMN Media

Bonanno, G. A. (2005). Resilience in the face of potential trauma. Current directions in psychological science, 14(3), 135-138.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00347.x

Bonanno, G. A., Galea, S., Bucciarelli, A., & Vlahov, D. (2007). What Predicts Psychological Resilience After Disaster? The Role of Demographics, Resources, and Life Stress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(5), 671-682.
https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-006X.75.5.671

Rosenberg, A. R., Bradford, M. C., Barton, K. S., Etsekson, N., McCauley, E., Curtis, J.R., Wolfe, J., Baker, K.S. & Yi‐Frazier, J. P. (2019). Hope and benefit finding: Results from the PRISM randomized controlled trial. Pediatric blood & cancer, 66(1), e27485.
https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.27485

Vitale, S. R., Schneider, H., Gardner, L., Alessandri, M., & Marker, C. (2023). Challenging behavior and parental depression: The effects of everyday stressors and benefit finding for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 53(9), 3356-3368.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05627-7

Research study 2 groups:

vanOyen Witvliet, C., Knoll, R. W., Hinman, N. G., & DeYoung, P. A. (2010). Compassion-focused reappraisal, benefit-focused reappraisal, and rumination after an interpersonal offense: Emotion-regulation implications for subjective emotion, linguistic responses, and physiology. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(3), 226–242.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17439761003790997

Summary video week 4

See sources week 4

WEEK 5

Exercise day 1

List with experiences:
McGonigal, K. (2016). The upside of stress: Why stress is good for you, and how to get good at it. Penguin.

Video day 2

Kline SA, Mega MS. Stress-Induced Neurodegeneration: The Potential for Coping as Neuroprotective Therapy. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias®. 2020;35. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317520960873

Wilding, J., Andrews, B., & Hejdenberg, J. (2007). Relations between life difficulties, measures of working memory operation, and examination performance in a student sample. Memory, 15(1), 57-62.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210601106447

Nenezic, N., Kostic, S., Strac, D. S., Grunauer, M., Nenezic, D., Radosavljevic, M., Jasna, J. & Samardzic, J. (2023). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): Pharmacological effects and potential therapeutic application. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 23(8), 941-952.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557522666220919125817

Crum, A. J., Akinola, M., Martin, A., & Fath, S. (2017). The role of stress mindset in shaping cognitive, emotional, and physiological responses to challenging and threatening stress. Anxiety, stress, & coping, 30(4), 379-395.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2016.1275585

Video day 4

Humans are social animals:
Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. W W Norton & Co.

It has been clear for decades that loneliness is bad for our health. In a review (a study of previous studies) published in 1988, House and his colleagues already described the strong relationship between social connections and health. They wrote that lonely people, compared to those with strong social connections, had a higher risk of illness and death. According to the authors, this risk was comparable to that of people with high blood pressure, smokers, and those who are physically inactive:

House JS, Landis KR, Umberson D. Social relationships and health. Science. 1988; 241(4865): 540-545.

Loneliness has a direct effect on cortisol. Studies have found that loneliness can lead to cortisol resistance and a reduced response to cortisol:
Brown, E. G., Gallagher, S., & Creaven, A. M. (2018). Loneliness and acute stress reactivity: A systematic review of psychophysiological studies. Psychophysiology, 55(5), e13031.
https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13031

Stress and social connection:
Taylor, S. E. (2006). Tend and befriend: Biobehavioral bases of affiliation under stress. Current directions in psychological science, 15(6), 273-277.

Buchanan, T. W., & Preston, S. D. (2014). Stress leads to prosocial action in immediate need situations. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 8, 5.

Sunahara, C. S., Wilson, S. J., Rosenfield, D., Alvi, T., Szeto, A., Mendez, A. J., & Tabak, B. A. (2022). Oxytocin reactivity to a lab-based stressor predicts support seeking after stress in daily life: Implications for the Tend-and-Befriend theory. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 105897.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105897

Video day 6

Help someone else, help yourself:

Morrow-Howell N, Hinterlong J, Rozario PA, Tang. Effects of volunteering on the well-being of older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2003;58(3): S137-S145.
https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.3.S137

Shmotkin D, Blumstein T, Modan B. Beyond keeping active: concomitants of being a volunteer in old-old age. Psychol Aging. 2003;18(3):602-607.

Oman D. Does volunteering foster physical health and longevity? In: Post SG, ed. Altruism and Health. New York, NY: Oxford Press; 2007:15-32.

O’Reilly D, Connolly S, Rosato M, Patterson C. Is caring associated with an increased risk of mortality? A longitudinal study. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(8):1282-1290.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.06.025

Brown SL, Nesse RM, Vinokur AD, Smith DM. Providing social support may be more beneficial than receiving it: results from a prospective study of mortality. Psychol Sci. 2003;14(4):320-327.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.14461

Brown SL, Smith DM, Schulz R, et al. Caregiving behavior is associated with decreased mortality risk. Psychol Sci. 2009;20(4):488-494.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02323.x

Cialdini RB, Brown SL, Lewis BP, Luce C, Neuberg. Reinterpreting the empathy-altruism relationship: when one into one equals oneness. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997; 73(3): 481-494.
https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.73.3.481

Poulin MJ, Brown SL, Ubel PA, Smith DM, Jankovic A, Langa KM. Does a helping hand mean a heavy heart? Helping behavior and well-being among spouse caregivers. Psychol Aging. 2010; 25 (1):108-117.
https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0018064

Folkman S, Moskowitz JT. Positive affect and the other side of coping. Am Psychol. 2000; 55(6): 647-654.
https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.55.6.647

PTSD and service dogs:

Krause-Parello, C. A., Sarni, S., & Padden, E. (2016). Military veterans and canine assistance for post-traumatic stress disorder: A narrative review of the literature. Nurse education today, 47, 43-50.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.04.020

Chirico, F., Capitanelli, I., Nowrouzi-Kia, B., Howe, A., Batra, K., Sharma, M., Szarpak, L., Pruc, M., Nucera, G., Ferrari, G., Cortese, C.G., Gianino, M.M. & Acquadro-Maran, D. (2022). Animal-assisted interventions and post-traumatic stress disorder of military workers and veterans: a systematic review. Journal of Health and Social Sciences, 7(2), 152-180.
https://dx.doi.org/10.19204/2022/NMLS4

Train service dogs:

Whitworth, J. D., Scotland-Coogan, D., & Wharton, T. (2019). Service dog training programs for veterans with PTSD: results of a pilot controlled study. Social Work in Health Care, 58(4), 412–430.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2019.1580238

Scotland-Coogan, D., Whitworth, J. D., & Wharton, T. (2020). Outcomes of participation in a service dog training program for veterans with PTSD. society & animals, 30(5-6), 547-568.

Yount, R., Ritchie, E. C., St. Laurent, M., Chumley, P., & Olmert, M. D. (2013). The role of service dog training in the treatment of combat-related PTSD. Psychiatric Annals, 43(6), 292-295.

Summary video week 5:

See sources week 5.

WEEK 6

Exercise day 1

 McGonigal, K. (2016). The upside of stress: Why stress is good for you, and how to get good at it. Penguin.

Video day 2

Beans, C. (2022). How stories and narrative move the heart—literally. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(22), e2206199119.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2206199119

Guijt, L. (2023) Perceptie. Verrassende inzichten die je leven voor altijd kunnen veranderen. Uitgeverij VMN Media

Video day 4

Placebo effect:
Zion, S. R., & Crum, A. J. (2018). Mindsets matter: a new framework for harnessing the placebo effect in modern medicine. International review of neurobiology, 138, 137-160.